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Geo Assessment: Ecology

Transcript: Ebola Virus Disease Ebola Virus Disease (E.V.D) is a highly infectious illness that originates from wild animal and contracted by direct contact, such as: bodily fluids, infected objects, certain animals that have E.V.D (Fruit Bats, Primates), or through intercourse with a person who has recently recovered from Ebola (Oral, Vaginal, Anal Sex and Sperm). What is Ebola What is Ebola? The Ebola Virus Ebola Outbreaks Ebola, or E.V.D, is a virus that is contracted through physical contact. Cases for this virus is predominantly found in Africa and the most recorded cases of E.V.D was Sierra Leone. Country with the largest amount of deaths in Africa is Liberia, with just over 4,800 fatalities. First Wave The First wave of Ebola occurred in 1976, and first started to become damaging when it infected and claimed the lives of just under 90% of the small remote village of Yabuku, Zaire. E.V.D took the lives of over 200 people. First Wave Today's Virus Modern Day As of recently, a new outbreak has occurred, taking the lives of over 2200 people and infected 3456 people, confirmed on the 10 April, 2020. This new outbreak has appeared in the Republic of Congo and is still dangerous. The Impacts Impacts of the Virus The impacts that E.V.D that it had on African Countries include: Less Employment Transport was shut down Decrease in Mining Productions Other countries giving resources to help combat Ebola Population Fatalities Heavy impact on Economic Stability The Effects The Effects of Ebola on Africa The effects that E.V.D had on Africa still affect its daily functionality today. During the outbreak of 2014, Africa lost an estimated $2.8 billion USD and also lost major loss in trading, agriculture and sponsorships from outside nations. The early term effects the Ebola Virus include the restriction of people to their homes, panic between people. Global Initiative Global Initiative The effects of E.V.D have spread out to the outside world and to other countries. Some countries also reach out and give money to support Africa. There were also countries that received damage from Ebola, such as the US, Spain, Italy and more, as patients infected with Ebola cause problems in the stated Countries. References Cdc.gov. 2020. 2014-2016 Ebola Outbreak In West Africa History Ebola (Ebola Virus Disease) CDC. [online] Available at: <https://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/history/2014-2016-outbreak/index.html> [Accessed 18 June 2020]. Who.int. 2020. Ebola Virus Disease. [online] Available at: <https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/ebola-virus-disease> [Accessed 18 June 2020]. Publichealthintelligence.org. 2020. Chronology Of Ebola Virus Disease Outbreaks, 1976-2014 Health Intelligence. [online] Available at: <http://publichealthintelligence.org/content/chronology-ebola-virus-disease-outbreaks-1976-2014> [Accessed 18 June 2020]. staff, f., 2020. Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) - Symptoms And Causes Familydoctor.Org. [online] familydoctor.org. Available at: <https://familydoctor.org/condition/ebola-virus-disease/> [Accessed 18 June 2020].

Ecology Assessment

Transcript: The Elephant Abiotic/biotic factors Elephantidae (scientific name) are the largest living land animal and have distinctly massive bodies, large ears and long trunks. Elephant ansetory spans over 56 million years and inculdes more than 300 proboscidean spices. Elephants belong to the genus Elephas which inculdes two living species. The African Elephant (Elephas maximas) and the Asian Elephant (Elehas maximus). The closest living thing to an Elephant are Hyraxes,.This is because Elephant and Hyraxes both descended from a common ancestor the Tethythera, who died out some 50 million years ago. But the closest non-living thing to and elephant is the Wooly Mammoths. At the morphological level the Wooly Mammoth has most often considered as the sister spieces of Asian elephants, and the two mammals share a 99.6 similar DNA makeup. Some abiotic factors of the Elephant inculde temperture, rainfall, soil compostion, and availbitly of water sources.These factors can influence the distribution, behavior, and survival of the Elephants in their habitat. For example Elephants require access to water for drinking and bathing, so the availability of water sources is crucial for their well being. Changes in temperature and rainfall patterns can also affect the availability of food and water, which can have an impact on elephant populations. Some biotic factors related to elephants inculde their interactions with other species, such as predators, prey and symbolic relationships. Predators like lions and tigers can pose a threat to Elephants, while their interaction with herbivores like zebras and antelopes can influence competition for resources. Elephants also have symbolic relationships with certain birds and certain insects, such as oxpeckers and beetles, which help remove parasites from their bodies. These biotic factors play a role in shaping the dynamics of elephant populations and their overall ecosystem. Ecological Niche The ecological niche of an elephant can be described as a large herbivorous mammal that plays a vital role in shaping its ecosystem. As primary consumers, Elephants have a significant impact on vegetation through their feeding habits, which can infuence plant growth and distribution. They aslo act as seed dispersers, helping to disperce seeds through their dung. Also, Elephants create water hole by clearing pathways in their habitat, benefiting other species by providing access to water and creating new opportunities for movement. Overall, Elephants are considered keystone species. Habitat Adaptations Elephants are found most often in savannas, grasslands, and forests. But they occupy a wide range of habitats, including deserts, swamps, and highlands in tropical and subtropical regions of Africa and Asia, this is becuase Elephants are higly adaptable and can be found in both wet and dry envirments. Elephants require access to water sources for drinking and bathing, so they are often found near rivers, lakees or watering holes. They prefer areas with a lot of vegetation for grazing and browsign on leaves, grasses and other plant materials. the diverse habitats elephants occupy reflect their ability to thrive in different ecosystems around the world. A few of the websistes I used where National Geographic, and World Wildlife fund. Elephants have many strucatural adaptations. For example their long tusks are actually enlongated incisor teeth, which they use for various tasks like digging, fighting, and gathering food. Their strong muscular trunks are incredibly versatile, allowing them to grasp objects, drink water, and even communicate through touch and sound. Also, their thick wrinkled skin helps protect them from the sun and insect bites. Some behavioral adaptations Elephants have is they live in tight-knit social group called herds, where they communicate through a variety of different vocalizations, body lanuage, and even infrasound which is a low frequency sound that can travel long distances. They aslo has remarkable memory and intelligence, allowing them to remember important locations, navigate their enviroment, and learn from eachother. Elephants are also known for their strong maternal instincts and cooperative behavior, often helping eachother in times of need. Elephants have several physiological adatations that help them survive in their enviroment. For example, thier size. Their size helps them intimidate perdators and access food sorces that other animals can't reach. They also have a unique digestive system that allows them to effciently break down and extract nutrients from tough plant materials. Also, Elephants have specialized teeth called molares that continuously grow and relpace worn out ones troughout their lives. These adaptations are able to help them thrive in their enviroment. Elephant

Ecology Assessment

Transcript: Question Four 4. Three factors that upset the dynamic equilibrium is alien weeds, fires, and feral animals. People brought cats to kill rodents and then these cats got into the wild and they kill native birds. Alien weeds come from their seeds on people that come into the area and have the little seeds on them Question Five 5. The Red Kangaroo is an endagered species in this area. A factor that affects the Red Kangaroo is drought because even though the Red Kangaroo can go for a long time without water, they need access to green plants in order to survive. Drought doesn't allow green plants to grow, so Kangaroos die down increasingly. Bottlebrush, Chenopods, newly sprouted green grasses, and Eragrostis setifolia are all things that the Red Kangaroo needs to survive. In order to rebound as a population is no drought and plenty of green grass that can survive even without rain. WWF Global 200 Ecoregions -- Northern Australia and Trans-Fly Savannas. (n.d.). National Geographic - Inspiring People to Care About the Planet Since 1888. Retrieved October 17, 2011, from http://www.nationalgeographic.com/resources/wildworld/profiles/g200/g090.html WWF - Northern Australia & Trans-Fly Savannas. (n.d.). WWF - WWF. Retrieved October 17, 2011, from http://wwf.panda.org/about_our_earth/ecoregions/australia_transfly_savannas.cfm Question Six 6. Cane toads are invasive to this area. Nothing can kill them because their skin is poisonous. They kill animals in this area. They can't removed; nothing is a predator. Question Three: 3. Map of interrelatedness on sheet of paper. Northern Australia + Trans-Fly Savanna Question Seven 7.A way to save this ecosytem is to stop land clearing. Another way to stop introducing species to this area. Question One: 1. Biomes are large parts of the world with similar biotic and abiotic features. Ecosystems are smaller parts within those biomes that contain abiotic and biotic features that work together. Question Two: 2. This is an ecosystem because every biotic and abiotic feature help each other. Ten biotic factors include: Short beaked Echindas Red Kangaroos Swinhoes snipes Magpie Geese Green Sandpipers Great billed herons Comb-crested Jacanas Plumed whistling ducks Asian Dowitchers Agile Wallabies Five abiotic factors include: Water Sunlight Sand Gorges Fire

Ecology Assessment

Transcript: Endemic - Something that is restricted to a certain place. Native - The place that something originated from. Maui's dolphins are endemic to New Zealand because it is only found in New Zealand. They are endemic to the North-West coast of the North Island, between Dargaville and New Plymouth. They are native to New Zealand. The conditions in the habitat are well suited for Maui's Dolphins most of the time. Unfortunately, sometimes stray fishing nets and nylon nets make it into the dolphins habitat. These nets end up strangling the dolphins, but fortunately the habitat does provide an adequate amount of food for the dolphins. People in New Zealand are trying to make up for the loss of dolphins by making their habitat sanctuaries. Fish Maui's Dolphin Popoto Cephalorhynchus hectori maui -Katherine Song Bibliography: http://wwf.panda.org/what_we_do/endangered_species/cetaceans/about/hectors_dolphin/mauis_dolphin/ http://mauidolphinrecoveryproject.blogspot.co.nz/ http://www.wwf.org.nz/take_action/maui_s_campaign_/sightings2/ http://www.hectorsdolphins.com/news-releases.html Smaller Fish What Does The Word Endemic Mean For Maui's Dolphin and Where Can You Find Maui's Dolphin? What are the conditions like in this habitat and what does the habitat provide for Maui's Dolphin? Maui's Dolphin Animal Plankton The population numbers of the dolphins are slowly diminishing because the dangers of fishing nets are too great. The dolphins regularly get caught in these nets. Once they get caught in these nets, they struggle. The more they struggle, the more tangled they get and in the end this results in death.There are only around 55 dolphins left and every death makes a huge difference. Unfortunately, the dolphins produce slowly which means the population of the dolphins barely ever increase. They only become sexually mature once they are at least 7 years old and once they do mature, they only breed every two to three years.World Wildlife Fund is helping New Zealand set up a sanctuary from Maunganui to the Whanganui river mouth. They are also planning to set up sanctuaries for harbors that are up to 100m deep. Orca Whale Plant Plankton Population Numbers: Squid Sharks Ecology Assessment Task Maui's Dolphin finds, eats and kills fish on the sea floor. They also eat squid. Orca whales and sharks eat the dolphin but they are mostly threatened by stray fishing nets and nylon nets. Maui's Dolphin are part of the fifth trophic level. An important adaptation of Maui's Dolphin is that the fin is rounded. This shape helps the dolphin propel itself faster through the surrounding bodies of water. Another adaptation is the think layer of blubber underneath their skin. The blubber helps the dolphin insulate and trap in heat. The dolphins are swimming around in cold water so they need the heat. The greyish-black tones of the dolphin's skin help the dolphin camouflage in the water. This helps the dolphin immensely because it conceals the dolphin from potential predators that are roaming around. All three of these adaptations are structural adaptations. Food Chain: What Does Your Organism Eat, What Eats Your Organisms and What Trophic Level Does It Belong To? Adaptions:

ecology final assessment

Transcript: No Compost "Bay Area in 'extreme Drought' - Might as Well Enjoy the Sun." SFGate. N.p., n.d. Web. 04 June 2014. <http://www.sfgate.com/science/article/Bay-Area-in-extreme-drought-might-as-well-5150296.php>. "Heavy Rain Arrives in Marin and Bay Area, Easing Drought Fears." MarinIJ.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 04 June 2014. <http://www.marinij.com/marinnews/ci_25246719/heavy-rain-has-arrived-bay-area>. Improvements Harvest Our Care Methods our garden bed sources Purchased data Trends Jorlandra, Qualiesha. "Use Organic Compost Not Fertilizer - EcoScraps." Compost Is Competing. Ecolabs, 9 Feb. 2014. Web. 04 June 2014. Introduction/hypothesis Composting will always be important! By making homemade compost, homeowners can reduce their waste by 30% while improving plant growth and health. Compost not only benefits the plants, but it can positively impact the environment because studies from the Eco-scraps Organization show that by using compost, you can achieve similar crop yields to synthetic fertilizer in home gardens with such plants as lettuce and corn. This greatly can reduce the impact of synthetic fertilizers that contain high levels of nitrogen into our water supply. 4 trials: no compost (control) Mr.Stewart's purchased compost farm made compost our homemade compost Density/Biomass was greater in the spring semester for both the quadrant and transect data collections Hypothesis: Quadrant Data There was a greater number of species for biodiversity in our quadrant data, ranging from 11.4-14.2 species vs.our transect data (7) Transect Data Farm-Made End of Semester: Diversity: 7 species Density: 3.67 individuals per meter Coverage: 48.3% Leek Watered regularly When we put compost into our garden bed, we did not disrupt the soil by digging We used a "laying down and gently tossing" method If we measure the change in plant height based on type of compost, the plants planted in store bought compost will grow the most, followed by the garden compost, our scraps, and lastly no compost. Kale 1:no compost (control) spinach yielded the most growth 2:farm made: onions yielded the most growth 3: purchased compost: leeks and kale yielded the most growth 4: homemade compost: nothing yielded the most growth Onion Spinach Scraps Although the Farm Made Compost had the highest average plant height at the end of the experiment, the No Compost trial had the steadiest growth. Highest weekly growth rate occurred with the Kitchen Scrap Compost between weeks 10 & 14 "To dig or not to dig – the debate continues." Grow Organic Food. N.p., n.d. Web. 4 June 2014. <http://www.organicgarden.org.uk/gardening/soil/to-dig-or-not-to-dig-the-debate-continues/>. Brief Debrief Our plants -Leek:Need nitrogen and moisture in the soil. Moderate light. Space 8-10 inches apart -Spinach: Can be planted in winter or early spring. Roots are shallow and susceptible to damage. (all died) -Kale: Can grow in poorer quality soil. Avoid planting in high nitrogen soil and keep in sunlight constantly. -Onion:Need colder weather at first and then need sunlight to grow bulbs (storage unit) Do this experiment with different types of plant species, for longer periods of time, and with different varieties of compost Water our plants even more Consistently refill our compost Grow plant species that are better suited to our specific climate Pictures and Sources Pictures/Sources Average class biodiversity Garden (spring): 13 species Garden (winter): 11.4 species Garden (summer): 14.2 species Average class biomass Garden (spring): 4.336 kg/m squared Garden (winter): 1.8 kg/m squared Garden (summer): 2.05 kg/m squared Ecology final assessment Sources: http://bonnieplants.com/growing/growing-onions/ <http://www.organicgardening.com/learn-and-grow/onions-growing-guide?page=0,1 http://bonnieplants.com/growing/growing-leeks/ http://bonnieplants.com/growing/growing-kale/ http://www.almanac.com/plant/spinach Experimental Design Data and Data Summary -we experienced unexpected warm spells -record setting highs (72-78 degrees) in January -less rainfall than normal (drought) -"we're still less than 50% of where we should be this year" -possibility of people stepping in our garden -rapid aphid infestation Research Pictures and Sources Start of Semester: Diversity: 7 species Density: 2.33 individuals per meter Coverage: 40% We chose this care method because we do not want to harm our soil by constantly digging into it. According to an online source that teaches gardeners how to grow organic food,"There are other very good reasons to limit the disturbance of top soil. Over recent years research has been carried out into the bacteria and fungi that live in soil. We all know that there are some nasty fungi around... but there are also many beneficial fungi that work with plants." The article also points out that "another major benefit of not digging is the decrease in the number of weeds. Every time you turn over soil more weed seeds are exposed to light and can germinate." Case

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